See ferus on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ferus",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "89 0 5 0 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "91 0 4 0 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"FERUS, a Switzerland-based brand and strategy company focused on hospitality-led brand development. The company works across brand strategy, experience design, and creative collaboration, primarily within the hotel, wellness, and lifestyle sectors."
],
"id": "en-ferus-en-name-XSLfM39R"
}
],
"word": "ferus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "efferus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "fieru"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "fer"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fero"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "fiero"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "fiar"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "fèr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "fier"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "fier"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fer"
},
{
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{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fierce"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "fearse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"from the nominative singular fers"
],
"word": "fers"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "fer"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "fier"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "fier"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fer"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fierce"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "fearse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
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"borrowed",
"from the nominative singular fers"
],
"word": "fers"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "fier"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "fiero"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"id": "wild"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*ǵʰwer-<id:wild>",
"id": "wild"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
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},
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"name": "der"
},
{
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"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*xʷeros"
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"expansion": "Proto-Italic *xʷeros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation",
"name": "back-formation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰweh₁r- or *ǵʰwē̆r- (“wild animal”). The intermediate steps are uncertain:\n*Possibly from Proto-Italic *xʷeros, from earlier *ǵʰweh₁rós, with PIE *-ē- becoming Proto-Italic *-e- because of a shortening of PIE unaccented long vowels before a resonant (a version of a sound change called \"Dybo's Law\"). This change is also supposed to explain the short vowel in vir. In contrast to vir (from *wiros), this term retained the final -rus, possibly due to analogical influence from the form fera.\n*Alternatively, Sihler considers the adjective a back-formation from the feminine noun fera (“wild animal, wild beast”), and treats it as possible that Latin continues an original short e-grade of the PIE root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fera",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ferum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ferus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "feram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ferum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ferī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ferae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ferus"
},
"expansion": "ferus (feminine fera, neuter ferum); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ferus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ferōx"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mītis"
},
{
"word": "tranquillus"
},
{
"word": "misericors"
},
{
"word": "placidus"
},
{
"word": "quietus"
},
{
"word": "clemens"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[Venus] first divested men of savage habits: from her\ncame fancy attire and clean care of oneself.",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 4.107–108",
"roman": "vēnērunt cultūs mundaque cūra suī.",
"text": "prīma ferōs habitūs hominī dētrāxit: ab illā",
"translation": "[Venus] first divested men of savage habits: from her\ncame fancy attire and clean care of oneself.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wild, savage, fierce, cruel"
],
"id": "en-ferus-la-adj-KPMSiQ6Z",
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"savage",
"savage"
],
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "trux"
},
{
"word": "ferōx"
},
{
"word": "atrōx"
},
{
"word": "violēns"
},
{
"word": "immānis"
},
{
"word": "efferus"
},
{
"word": "crūdēlis"
},
{
"word": "silvāticus"
},
{
"word": "ācer"
},
{
"word": "acerbus"
},
{
"word": "sevērus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"uncivilized, uncultivated"
],
"id": "en-ferus-la-adj-Ri6ow3Rg",
"links": [
[
"uncivilized",
"uncivilized"
],
[
"uncultivated",
"uncultivated"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "barbaricus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"untamed, rough"
],
"id": "en-ferus-la-adj-aR~QIO-O",
"links": [
[
"untamed",
"untamed"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɛ.rʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɛː.rus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ferus"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"id": "wild"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*ǵʰwer-<id:wild>",
"id": "wild"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
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},
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},
{
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"2": "itc-pro",
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation",
"name": "back-formation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰweh₁r- or *ǵʰwē̆r- (“wild animal”). The intermediate steps are uncertain:\n*Possibly from Proto-Italic *xʷeros, from earlier *ǵʰweh₁rós, with PIE *-ē- becoming Proto-Italic *-e- because of a shortening of PIE unaccented long vowels before a resonant (a version of a sound change called \"Dybo's Law\"). This change is also supposed to explain the short vowel in vir. In contrast to vir (from *wiros), this term retained the final -rus, possibly due to analogical influence from the form fera.\n*Alternatively, Sihler considers the adjective a back-formation from the feminine noun fera (“wild animal, wild beast”), and treats it as possible that Latin continues an original short e-grade of the PIE root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ferī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ferus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ferī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ferus<2>"
},
"expansion": "ferus m (genitive ferī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ferus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 30 6 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 15 4 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wild animal"
],
"id": "en-ferus-la-noun-T7LisjX5",
"links": [
[
"wild animal",
"wild animal"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "fera"
},
{
"word": "feritās"
},
{
"word": "sēmifer"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɛ.rʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɛː.rus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ferus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ferus",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper nouns",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"FERUS, a Switzerland-based brand and strategy company focused on hospitality-led brand development. The company works across brand strategy, experience design, and creative collaboration, primarily within the hotel, wellness, and lifestyle sectors."
]
}
],
"word": "ferus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰwer-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "efferus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "fieru"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "fer"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fero"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "fiero"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "fiar"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "fèr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "fier"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "fier"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fer"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fierce"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "fearse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"from the nominative singular fers"
],
"word": "fers"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "fer"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "fier"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "fier"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fer"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fierce"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "fearse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"from the nominative singular fers"
],
"word": "fers"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "fier"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "fiero"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"id": "wild"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*ǵʰwer-<id:wild>",
"id": "wild"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵʰweh₁r-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰweh₁r-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*xʷeros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *xʷeros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation",
"name": "back-formation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰweh₁r- or *ǵʰwē̆r- (“wild animal”). The intermediate steps are uncertain:\n*Possibly from Proto-Italic *xʷeros, from earlier *ǵʰweh₁rós, with PIE *-ē- becoming Proto-Italic *-e- because of a shortening of PIE unaccented long vowels before a resonant (a version of a sound change called \"Dybo's Law\"). This change is also supposed to explain the short vowel in vir. In contrast to vir (from *wiros), this term retained the final -rus, possibly due to analogical influence from the form fera.\n*Alternatively, Sihler considers the adjective a back-formation from the feminine noun fera (“wild animal, wild beast”), and treats it as possible that Latin continues an original short e-grade of the PIE root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fera",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ferum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ferus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "feram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ferum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ferī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ferae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ferus"
},
"expansion": "ferus (feminine fera, neuter ferum); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ferus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "ferōx"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mītis"
},
{
"word": "tranquillus"
},
{
"word": "misericors"
},
{
"word": "placidus"
},
{
"word": "quietus"
},
{
"word": "clemens"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[Venus] first divested men of savage habits: from her\ncame fancy attire and clean care of oneself.",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 4.107–108",
"roman": "vēnērunt cultūs mundaque cūra suī.",
"text": "prīma ferōs habitūs hominī dētrāxit: ab illā",
"translation": "[Venus] first divested men of savage habits: from her\ncame fancy attire and clean care of oneself.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wild, savage, fierce, cruel"
],
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"savage",
"savage"
],
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "trux"
},
{
"word": "ferōx"
},
{
"word": "atrōx"
},
{
"word": "violēns"
},
{
"word": "immānis"
},
{
"word": "efferus"
},
{
"word": "crūdēlis"
},
{
"word": "silvāticus"
},
{
"word": "ācer"
},
{
"word": "acerbus"
},
{
"word": "sevērus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"uncivilized, uncultivated"
],
"links": [
[
"uncivilized",
"uncivilized"
],
[
"uncultivated",
"uncultivated"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "barbaricus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"untamed, rough"
],
"links": [
[
"untamed",
"untamed"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɛ.rʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɛː.rus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ferus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰwer-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"id": "wild"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*ǵʰwer-<id:wild>",
"id": "wild"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵʰweh₁r-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰweh₁r-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*xʷeros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *xʷeros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation",
"name": "back-formation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰweh₁r- or *ǵʰwē̆r- (“wild animal”). The intermediate steps are uncertain:\n*Possibly from Proto-Italic *xʷeros, from earlier *ǵʰweh₁rós, with PIE *-ē- becoming Proto-Italic *-e- because of a shortening of PIE unaccented long vowels before a resonant (a version of a sound change called \"Dybo's Law\"). This change is also supposed to explain the short vowel in vir. In contrast to vir (from *wiros), this term retained the final -rus, possibly due to analogical influence from the form fera.\n*Alternatively, Sihler considers the adjective a back-formation from the feminine noun fera (“wild animal, wild beast”), and treats it as possible that Latin continues an original short e-grade of the PIE root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ferī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ferus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ferī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ferus<2>"
},
"expansion": "ferus m (genitive ferī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ferus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "fera"
},
{
"word": "feritās"
},
{
"word": "sēmifer"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wild animal"
],
"links": [
[
"wild animal",
"wild animal"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɛ.rʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɛː.rus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ferus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ferus meaning in All languages combined (12.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (bdd14c0 and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.